![]() However, cestodes have not been exploited as major models for evo-devo research due to the considerable technical difficulties involved in their study. Therefore, cestodes offer many opportunities for the investigation of the evolutionary origins of developmental novelties (evo-devo). ![]() ![]() Among these adaptations, they show many evolutionary innovations in their development, including complex life-cycles with multiple hosts and life-stages, several independent origins of asexual reproduction, and the evolution of segmentation as a mean to generate massive reproductive output. Cestodes (tapeworms) have complex adaptations to their obligatory parasitic life-style. ![]()
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